Time Duration : 40 minutes
Level : Beginner
Electricity flow through our common conductors called wires. This electrical energy converts to various forms of energy maybe heat, maybe sound, maybe it be light or any other form. It has become an important concept in our life, lets thank Benjamin Franklin for doing all the extensive research on how to get it to our households.
The components like speakers, light bulbs, are electrical transducers. Transducers change other types of energy into electrical energy and vice versa.
Components that convert other forms of energy into electrical energy are called sensors, and things that convert electrical energy into other forms of energy are sometimes called actuators.
Circuits are closed loops of wire with a power source (like a battery) and something to do something useful with the energy, called a load. We will be building them throughout the entire learning process of Arduino
Before going ahead lets clear the relation of Voltage, Current and Resistance. One way to understand this is about a rock sliding down a cliff. The greater the slope of the cliff, the rock will have the more energy to slide downwards. Also consider obstacles on the way of the Rock. This slope is the voltage, the rock is the current and the trees are the Resistance.
The more rocks you get uphill, the more energy is being carried down the cliff. The number of rocks is like the current in an electrical circuit. The rocks go through bushes on the side of the cliff, losing some energy in the
process; the energy is used up to crush the bushes. The bushes are like resistors in a circuit, offering resistance to the electrical flow and converting it into other forms of energy.
The Electrical Current requires a complete path through the circuit. Only on the completion of the path the current starts to flow.
The current will also seek the easiest path to flow through in the circuit. Any path with higher resistance will be less considered as compared to less resistive paths.
In this figure, we see that there is only one way for the current to pass. You can connect this circuit on your breadboard and enjoy the activity.
The components used are Arduino, LED, and a Resistor (220ohms – 1kohms)