Introduction

Water is a precious resource, and its efficient use is essential, especially in regions facing water scarcity. One way to optimize water usage is through effective monitoring and control systems. In this article, we will explore a project that combines water level monitoring with solar water heater control using an Arduino-based system. This innovative solution not only helps in conserving water but also makes the best use of renewable energy.

Working Principle

The core idea behind this project is to monitor the water level in a storage tank and control a solar water heater system accordingly. The system ensures that the water heater operates when there is sufficient water in the tank and stops when the water level falls below a certain threshold.

Things We Need

To build this system, you will need the following components:

1. Arduino Uno or compatible board.
2. Ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04).
3. Relay module.
4. Solar water heater system.
5. Water storage tank.
6. Jumper wires.
7. Power supply for the Arduino and sensors.

Circuit Diagram

Here is a basic circuit diagram to help you set up the system:

Working of the System with Arduino

1. Ultrasonic Sensor Setup: Connect the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to the Arduino. The sensor emits ultrasonic waves and measures the time it takes for the waves to bounce back from the water surface.
2. Relay Module Connection: Connect the relay module to the Arduino. The relay acts as a switch to control the power supply to the solar water heater. Make sure to connect it properly to ensure safety.
3. Programming: Write an Arduino program that reads the data from the ultrasonic sensor and determines the water level. When the water level falls below a set threshold, the program should turn off the relay to stop the solar water heater. Conversely, when there is enough water, the relay should be turned on to allow the water heater to operate.

Arduino Code

#include <NewPing.h>

#define TRIGGER_PIN 9
#define ECHO_PIN 10
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200
#define WATER_LEVEL_THRESHOLD 30
#define RELAY_PIN 7

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);

void setup() {
  pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Initialize the relay in the OFF state
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  delay(1000);
  int distance = sonar.ping_cm();
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.println(distance);

  if (distance < WATER_LEVEL_THRESHOLD) {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Turn off the relay
  } else {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on the relay
  }
}

Conclusion

Water level monitoring and solar water heater control are crucial aspects of water conservation and energy efficiency. This project demonstrates a simple yet effective way to integrate these functionalities using an Arduino-based system. By implementing such a system, you can contribute to reducing water wastage and optimizing the use of renewable energy sources, ultimately helping to create a more sustainable future.